Dyslipidemia and its correlation with type 2 diabetic patients at different stages of proteinuria

Diabetic nephropathy is the consequence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and it is characterized by continuous albuminuria. The aim of the study was to investigate and correlate the lipid profile abnormalities in different stages of albuminuria to understand the checkpoint before progression to end stage renal disease (ESRD). A total of 154 type 2 diabetic patients were included in the study. Urine samples of all patients were subject to biochemical analysis and divided into diabetes with normoalbuminuria (n=52), diabetes with microalbuminuria (n=51), and diabetes with overt proteinuria (n=51) groups, depending upon urinary albumin creatinine ratio (ACR) of <30mg, 30-300 mg, and >300 mg/24 hours respectively. Statistical analysis was done by using One Way ANOVA and Pearson’s correlation coefficient. All lipid profile parameters, such as total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (Tg), low density lipoprotein (LDL), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) mean values except high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were increased in all the three groups i.e. diabetes with normoalbuminuria, diabetes with microalbuminuria, diabetes with overt proteinuria, were significantly increased at P<0.005 and found to be in positive correlation with ACR. Dyslipidemia concurrently with microalbuminuria should be considered as alarming signal for both cardiovascular disease (CVD) and ESRD. Therefore, detection of dyslipidemia with a corresponding microalbuminuria in the beginning of DM and accordingly therapeutic intervention could control the resulting cardiovascular or renal complications.